Гендерное общество
Шрифт:
14 Stoller R. Porn. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. P. 31.
Обзор эмпирических исследований порнографии см.: Kimmel M., Linders A. Does Censorship Make a Difference?: An Aggregate Empirical Analysis of Pornography and Rape // Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality. 1996. Vol. 6.
№ 2.
Stoltenberg J. Refusing to Be a Man. Portland, Ore.: Breitenbush Books, 1989. P. 121.
17 Rubin L. Erotic Wars. P. 102; Tavris C., Wade C. The Longest War. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1984. P. 111.
1R
Blumstein P., Schwartz P. American Couples. New York: William Morrow, 1983. P. 279; Schwartz P., Rutter V. The Gender of Sexuality. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Pine Forge Press, 1998. P. 60—61. Конечно, имеются систематические
тендерные различия в том, как респонденты говорят о своей сексуальной жизни: мужчины склонны
преувеличивать свой опыт, женщины — преуменьшать. Поэтому на столь существенные различия нужно
смотреть скептически.
Blumstein P., Schwartz P. American Couples. P. 23^.
Laumann E., Gagnon J., Michael R., Michaels S. The Social Organization of Sexuality. P. 347.
1 Jackson S. The Social Construction of Female Sexualitv // Feminism and Sexuality: A Reader / Ed. S.Jackson, S.Scott.
New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. P. 71.
22
Muehlenhard C. «Nice Women» Don't Say Yes and «Real Men» Don't Say No: How Miscommunication and the Double Standard Can Cause Sexual Problems // Women and Therapy. 1988. № 7. P. 100-101.
Аллен и другие мужчины цит. по: Fracher J., Kimmel M. Hard Issues and Soft Spots: Counseling Men about Sexuality
// Handbook of Counseling and Psychotherapy with Men / Ed. M.Scher, M.Stevens, G.Good, G.Eichenfeld. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1987.
445
24 Rubin L. Erotic Wars. P. 13; о темпах изменения сексуальной активности см.: Grunseit A.C., Kippax S., Baldo M., Aggleton PA, Slutkin G. Sexuality Education and Young People's Sexual Behavior: A Review of Studies
// Journal of Adolescent Research. 1997.
25 Hollibaugh A. Desire for the Future: Radical Hope in Passion and Pleasure // Feminism and Sexuality: A Reader
/ Ed. SJackson, S.Scott; Rubin L. Erotic Wars. P. 5, 46.
26 Об уровне мастурбации см.: Laumann E., Gagnon J., Michael R., Michaels S. The Social Organization of Sexuality. P. 86; Schwartz P., Rut-terV. The Gender of Sexuality. P. 39. О сексуальных установках см.: Laumann E., Gagnon J., Michael R., Michaels S. The Social Organization of Sexuality. P. 507.
27 Laumann E., Gagnon J., Michael R., Michaels S. The Social Organization of Sexuality; Schwartz P., Rutter V.
The Gender of Sexuality. P. 165.
28 Laumann E., Gagnon J., Michael R., Michaels S. The Social Organization of Sexuality; Schwartz P., Rutter V.
The Gender of Sexuality. P. 102— 103; Janus S. The Janus Report on Sexual Behavior. New York: John Wiley, 1993. P. 315—316; Blumstein P., Schwartz P. American Couples; New Sexual Agendas / Ed. L.Segal. New York: New York University Press, 1997. P. 67.
29 Kolata G. Women and Sex: On This Topic, Science Blushes // The New York Times. 1998. June 21. P. СЗ; молодая женщина цит. по: Rubin L. Erotic Wars. P. 14.
30 Rubin L. Erotic Wars. P. 120.
31 Цит. по: Rubin L. Erotic Wars. P. 58; Koss M. et al. No Safe Haven: Male Violence against Women at Home, at Work, and in the Community. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1994.
32 Koss M., Dinero P.T., Seibel C.A., Cox S.L. Stranger and Acquaintance Rape: Are There Differences in the Victim's Experience? // Psychology of Women Quarterly. 1988. Vol. 12. № I.
33 Laumann E., Gagnon J., Michael R., Michaels S. The Social Organization of Sexuality. P. 336; Koss M. et al. No Safe Haven.
34 Levant R.F. Nonrelational Sexuality in Men // Men and Sex: New Psychological Perspectives / Ed. R.Levant, G.Brooks. New York: John Wiley, 1997. P 270.
35 См., напр.: Billy J.O., Tanfer G.K., Grady W.R., Klepinger D.H. The Sexual Behavior of Men in the United States // Family Planning Perspectives. 1993. Vol. 25. № 2; Laumann E., Gagnon J., Michael R., Michaels S. The Social Organization of Sexuality.
36 Brooks G. The Centerfold Syndrome. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1995; Idem. The Centerfold Syndrome //
Men and Sex: New Psychological Perspectives / Ed. R.Levant, G.Brooks. См. также: Levant R.F. Nonrelational Sexuality in Men // Ibid. P. 19; Johnston J. Appearance Obsession: Women's Reactions to Men's Objectification of Their Bodies // Ibid. P. 79, 101.
446
37
Good G., Sherrod N.B. Men's Resolution of Nonrelational Sex across the Lifespan // Men and Sex: New Psychological Perspectives / Ed. R.Levant G.Brooks. P. 189, 190.
38 Ibid. P. 186.
39 Wyden P., Wyden B. Growing Up Straight: What Every Thoughtful Parent Should Know about Homosexuality.
New York: Trident Press, 1968.
Green R. The «Sissy Boy» Syndrome. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
41 Gilder G. Men and Marriage. Gretna, La.: Pelican Publisher, 1985.
Jackson J. Real Men (1983); социологическое исследование гендерной организации жизни таких геев см.: Levine M.P. Gay Macho: The Life and Death of the Homosexual Clone. New York: New York University Press, 1998.
Цит. по: Chappie S., Talbot D. Burning Desires: Sex in America. New York: Doubleday, 1989. P. 356.
Clarke C. Lesbianism: An Act of Resistance // Feminism and Sexuality: A Reader / Ed. S.Jackson, S.Scott. P. 155.
Bell A., Weinberg M. Homosexualities. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978; Masters W., Johnson V, Kolodny R.
Human Sexuality. New York: Harper and Row, 1978; Blumstein P., Schwartz P. American Couples. P. 317.
Данные из: Blumstein P., Schwartz P. American Couples; интервью цит. no: Bell A., Weinberg M.