Радикальный ислам. Взгляд из Индии и России
Шрифт:
15 Wilson John, Caliphate's Soldiers: Documenting Lashkar-e-Tayyeba's Long War (under publication): Muhammad Amir Rana, Jihad-e-Kashmir of Afghanistan, Mashal Books, Lahore; another good reference is Sushant Sareen, The Jihad Factory, ORF-Har Anand, New Delhi.
16 Arif Jamal, Lashkar- charity work, source of man and money power, The News on Sunday, February 2005.
17 Ibid.
18 Major General Akbar Khan, Raiders in Kashmir, National Book Foundation, Islamabad, 1970. He wrote:»"…our agricultural economy was dependent particularly upon the rivers coming out of Kashmir. The Mangla Headworks were actually in Kashmir and the Marala Headworks were within a mile or so of the border. What then would be our position if Kashmir was in Indian hands?»"
19Speeches and statements of Field Marshal Ayub Khan, Vol. 5, Pakistan Publications, Karachi, 1962.
20 Hussain Haqqani, Pakistan-Between Mosque and Military, Vanguard Books, Lahore, 2005.
21 Syed Vali Nasr's The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution.
22 AR Siddiqui, The Military in Pakistan-Image and Reality, Vanguard Publications, Lahore,1996; Lt. General Faiz Ali Chishti, Betrayals of Another Kind, Asia Publishing House, London, 1989. Lawrence Zirring, Pakistan in the Twentieth Century-A Political History, Oxford, 1999; 1. FS Aijazuddin, The Shifting Qiblah, Islamisation under General Zia ul Haq and Secularism under General Pervez Musharraf-The Pakistani Experience, Paper presented at Conference on the Future of Secularism, Yale Center for International and Area Studies and Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, Yale University, March 26-27, 2004.
23 Ibid.
24 Arif Jamal, One per cent option, The News, July 18, 1999.
25 Shuja Nawaz, Pakistan and army: a changing relationship? Daily Times, May 4, 2008; Shuja Nawaz, Pakistan's Army: fighting the wars within, Seminar, April 2008.
26 Shuja Nawaz, Crossed Swords: Pakistan, its Army, and the Wars Within, Oxford University Press, 2008.
27 Lieutenant Colonel Ab Razak bin Mohd Khairan (Royal Malaysian Air Force), The Influence of Islam in the military, comparative study of Malaysia, Indonesia and Pakistan, PhD Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, US, March 2004.
28 Ibid.
29 Major Amer Nawaz, Leader Development Process in Pakistan Army at the Tactical Level, student thesis, Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, US, 2004.
30 Steve Coll, Ghost Wars, Penguin, 2004. CIA's declassified documents on the subject are available at Georgetown University's National Security Archives.
31 Brigadier Abdul Rehman Bilal, LIC and Pakistan Army, NDC Journal, Summer 2004.
32 David Sanger, The Inheritance: The World Obama Confronts and the Challenges to American Power, Harmony, 2009. Sanger, a New York Times correspondent, referred to a transcript given to Mike McConnel, the Director of National Intelligence in May 2008, which had Pakistan Army chief General Ashfaq Pervez Kayani calling Taliban leader Jalaluddin Haqqani as a «strategic asset».
33 Ashley Tellis, Pakistan's Record on Terrorism: Conflicted Goals, Compromised
Performance, The Washington Quarterly, Spring, 2008; Taliban threaten to convert Pakistan into another Afghanistan, Chinese Central TV4, April 28, 2009; Army official calls Baitullah Mehsud, Fazlullah 'patriots', The News, December 1, 2008; Ahmed Rashid, Pakistan's Continued Failure to Adopt a Counterinsurgency Strategy, CTC Sentinel, Vol 2. Issue 3. March 2009.
34 Hassan Abbas, Defining the Punjabi Taliban Network, CTC Sentinel, Volume 2,
Issue 4, April 2004; Wilson John,, Concerted International Action Needed to Rein in Pakistan Terror Groups, ORF Policy Brief, Feb. 17, 2009.
35 Wilson John, Caliphate's Soldiers: Documenting Lashkar-e-Tayyeba's Long War (under publication): Muhammad Amir Rana, Jihad-e-Kashmir of Afghanistan, Mashal Books, Lahore; another good reference is Sushant Sareen, The Jihad Factory, ORF-Har Anand, New Delhi.
36 Ibid.
37 Wilson John, Caliphate's Soldiers: Documenting Lashkar-e-Tayyeba's Long War (under publication): Muhammad Amir Rana, Jihad-e-Kashmir of Afghanistan, Mashal Books, Lahore; another good reference is Sushant Sareen, The Jihad Factory, ORF-Har Anand, New Delhi.
38 Ashley Tellis, Bad Company-Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the growing ambition of Islamist militancy in Pakistan, Testimony, US House Committee on Foreign Affairs, March 11, 2010.
39 Pakistan conflict map, BBC, May 13, 2009.
40 Tim Mcgirk Al-Qaeda's New Hideouts, Time, July. 22, 2002.
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НЕОБАБУРИЗМ. Исторические спекуляции, лежащие в основании претензий движения Талибан на Центральную Азию
Мария Подкопаева– руководитель информационно-аналитического отдела МОФ-ЭТЦ
Давно замечено, что движение Талибан проявляет особый интерес к Ферганской долине. Эта долина является узловой точкой региона, который ранее обычно назывался Средней Азией. Сейчас этот регион, как правило, именуют Центральной Азией. Он включает Узбекистан, Таджикистан, Киргизию, Казахстан и Туркмению. Есть элементарное и широко распространенное объяснение интереса, проявляемого движением Талибан к Ферганской долине. Будучи сопредельной для Узбекистана, Таджикистана и Киргизии, Ферганская долина является общепризнанным источником исламской радикализации для всего региона (рис. 1).