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1 The same set of variant names can also refer to the administrative district of which the town ofV^oru (Werro) is the center, but this discussion will refer only to the town.

2 A copy of her decree and a contemporary town plan appear in [Pullat] (plates following page 96).

3 On Catherine’s 1764 tour of the region and her subsequent initiatives, see [Voeikov etc.: 114].

4 A secret instruction from Catherine to Prince Vyazemsky stresses the peculiar status of the Baltic and some other non-Russian parts of her empire [Nechaev: 12].

5 Unless otherwise noted, the statistics and chronology here and below are from [Pullat: 28–31] and [Vrangel’].

6 By 1881 there were fewer Germans than Estonians in the town, which then numbered 2697 inhabitants: 976 people, or about 36 %, vs. 1339, or about half. By 1897, Estonians comprised nearly two thirds of the population, and Germans – a fifth. In the latter nineteenth century the town also had a sizeable lewish community (over 6 % of the population in 1897) and an increasing but never large number of Russians and members of other ethnic groups, notably Latvians. The surrounding countryside was “сплошь эстонское” [Vrangel’: 49].

7 He arrived with a post as a private tutor, but his intention from the start was to establish a school.

8 For a recent overview of the role of German Pietism, in particular of Moravian missionaries from Herrnhut, among different social classes in the Russian Baltic region, see [Wilpert: 105–112].

9 H. Eisenschmidt recalls a rapid decline in the early 1840s [Eisenschmidt: 74–78],but M. Telk’s statistics suggest a more differentiated pattern [Telk].

10 The arithmetic book was a significant enough achievement to appear in Laul’s index entry on Kr"ummer [Laul: 563].

11 For details of Kreutzwald’s publication history, see the first part of H. Laidvee “Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi T^o^od” [Laidvee: 15-170].

A more straightforward and updated chronology is at the beginning of “Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi bibliograafia” [FRKB:7-19].

12 Fet’s statement about never hearing about a doctor has not escaped the notice of researchers in V^oru. V. Ots [Ots: 17] notes Fet’s observation and states that of course we know that there was a doctor, Kreutzwald. Since, however, Ots is writing for an Estonian audience, specifically one in V^oru, she situates the problem in the world of what was and presumably still is known to everyone in V^oru, not the much stranger world of Fet’s prose poetics, or the less well-informed one of a twenty-first century non-Estonian readership.

13 Kreutzwald’s correspondence on this point is quoted in [Ots: 19–20].

14 Although Sivers was some three years younger than Fet, they were indeed together at school. Sivers was sent off to boarding school slightly early because of his family situation [Spehr: 3–4]. Fet, for his part, might never have gone to this particular school at all had it not been for a traumatic change, around that time, in his legal status (he lost his claim to be a Shenshin and was declared a German subject resident in Russia), which his family evidently preferred he learn about after he was already settled in with Kr"ummer in a German-Russian environment.

15 For the period up to the end of Kreutzwald’s life [Laidvee: 341–343,356,363–365] lists responses to Kalevipoeg in Estonian-, Russian-, German-, and French-language venues. Miller offers a late nineteenth century view of the issues.

16 According to “Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi bibliograafia”, the book really was published only in 1904 [FRKB: 12].

Eisenschmidt / Eisenschmidt H. Erinnerungen aus der Kr"ummerschen Anstalt und aus des Verfassers eigner Schulzeit. Dorpat, 1860.

ES / Энциклопедический словарь:

Репринтное воспроизведение изд. Ф.А. Брокгауз – И.А. Ефрон, 1890. Ярославль, 1991.

Fet 1890 / Фет А. Мои воспоминания. М., 1890.

Fet 1893 / Фет А. Ранние годы моей жизни. М., 1893.

FRKB / Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi bibliograafia 1982–2003. Tallinn, 2004.

Kreutzwald / Kreutzwald Fr.R. Kalewi poeg.

Eesti ennemuistne jutt. Kahesk"umnes laulus. Kogunud ja kirja pannud Dr. Fr. R. Kreutzwald. Neljas paradatud tr"ukk. Jurjew (Tartu), 1901.

Laidvee / Laidvee H. Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi Bibliograafia 1833–1969. Tallinn, 1978.

Laul / Laul E. Eesti kooli ajalugu. 1.13. Sajandist 1860, aastateni. Tallinn, 1989.

Maydell / Mayde"il R v. Autobiographie. SPb., 1883. Miller / Миллер Вс. Калевипоег // ES. T. 27 (14). C. 11–12.

Nechaev / Нечаев В. Прибалтийское (остзейское) гражданское право // ES. Т. 49 (25). С. 117–121.

Nirk / Nirk E. Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald. Lauluisa Elulugu. Tallinn, 1961.

Ots / Ots V. Kreutzwaldi-aegne V^oru. L"uhiuu-rimus. V^oru: Dr. Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi Memoriaalmuuseum. 1976.

Puhvel / Puhvel M. Symbol of Dawn. The life and times of the 19th– century Estonian poet Lydia Koidula. Tartu, 1995.

Pullat / Pullat R. V^oru linna ajalugu. Tallinn, 1984.

Sivers 1847 / Sivers J. v. Gedichte. Dorpat, 1847.

Sivers 1858 / Sivers J. v. Literarisches

Taschenbuch der Deutschen in Russland. Riga, 1858.

Spehr / Spehr E. Beitr^age zu einer Monographie des Baltischen Schriftstellers Jegor von Sivers. K^onigsberg, 1933.

Telk / Telk M. V^oru linna kooliv^orgu kujunem-ine ja areng 18. sajandi l^opust kuni 1917. aastani. Diplomit^o^o. Tartu, 1979.

Voeikov etc. / В<оейков> А., В<ейнберг> Л., Л<овягин> А. Прибалтийский край // ES. T. 49 (25). С. 110–117.

Vrangel’ / Врангель К. Верро // ES. T. 11 (6). С. 48–50.

Wilpert / Wilpert G. v. Deutschbaltische

Literaturgeschichte. Munich, 2005.

Тридцать лет спустя после кончины Тютчева посмертная биография поэта ознаменовалась первой крупной датой. 23 ноября 1903 года, в годовщину столетия со дня его рождения, в Петербурге в Новодевичьем монастыре были отслужены заупокойная литургия и панихида и, как сообщается в газетной хроникальной заметке,