Чтение онлайн

9. Mancur Olson Jr., The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Group (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965) [на рус. яз.: Манкурю О. Логика коллективных действий: Общественные блага и теория групп / Пер. с англ. Е. Окороченко. — М.: Фонд экономических инициатив (ФЭИ), 1995].

10. Mancur Olson Jr., «The Logic of Collective Action», in Rational Man and Irrational Society, ed. Brian Barry and Russell Hardin (Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage, 1982), 44.

11. Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).

12. Ridley, The Origins of Virtue.

13. Ostrom, Governing the Commons, 27.

14. H. Scott Gordon, «The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery», Journal of Political Economy 62 (1954): 124-142; Anthony D. Scott, «The Fishery: The Objectives of Sole Ownership», Journal of Political Economy 65 (1955): 116-124.

15. Charlotte Hess, «Is There Anything New Under the Sun? A Discussion and Survey of Studies on New Commons and the Internet», presented at Constituting the Commons: Crafting Sustainable Commons in the New Millennium, the Eighth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bloomington, Indiana, 31 May-4 June 2000.

16. Ostrom, Governing the Commons, 25.

17. Marc A. Smith, «Mapping Social Cyberspaces: Measures and Maps of Usenet, a Computer Mediated Social Space» (Ph. D. diss., UCLA, 2001), 18.

18. Thomas Henry Huxley, «The Struggle for Existence in Human Society», in Evolution and Ethics, and Other Essays (London, 1894), 202-218.

19. Peter Kropotkin, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution (Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1989), 78.

20. Stephen J. Gould, Bully for Brontosaurus: Reflections on Natural History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991).

21. Kropotkin, Mutual Aid, 171.

22. J. Paradis and G. С Williams, Evolution and Ethics: Т. Н. Huxley's Evolution and Ethics with New Essays on Its Victorian and Sociobi-ological Context (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989).

23. W. D. Hamilton, «The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior», Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1964): 1-52.

24. Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976).

25. Hobbes, Leviathan, 95. Левиафан, часть II «О государстве», глава XVII, «О причинах, возникновении и определении государства» // Т. Гоббс. Соч. в 2 т. / Пер. на рус. яз. А. Гутермана. — М.: Мысль, 1991. — Т. 2. — С. 132.

26. John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1944) [рус. пер.: Теория игр и экономическое поведение. М.: Наука, 1970].

27. William Poundstone, Prisoner's Dilemma: John von Neumann, Game Theory, and the Puzzle of the Bomb (New York: Doubleday, 1992).

28. J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man (Toronto: Little, Brown, 1973).

29. Herman Kahn, On Thermonuclear War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960).

30. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse on Inequality (London: Penguin, 1984). [на рус. яз.: Рассуждение о происхождении и основаниях неравенства между людьми // Ж.-Ж. Руссо. Трактаты / Пер. с франц. А. Хаютина. — М.: Наука, 1969. — С. 75).

31. Merrill M. Flood, «Some Experimental Games», Research Memorandum RM-789 (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 1952).

32. A. W Tucker, «On Jargon: The Prisoner's Dilemma», UMAP Journal 1 (1950): 101.

33. Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation (New York: Basic Books, 1985).

34. R. L. Trivers, «The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism», Quarterly Beview of Biology 46 (1971): 35-37.

35. Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation.

36. G. S. Wilkinson, «Reciprocal Food Sharing in the Vampire Bat», Nature 308 (March 8, 1984): 181-184.

37. Manfred Milinski, «TIT FOR TAT in Sticklebacks and the Evolution of Cooperation», Nature 325 (29 January 1987): 433-435.

38. P. Farb, Man's Rise to Civilization as Shown by the Indians of North America from Primeval Times to the Coming of the Industrial State (New York: Dutton, 1968).

39. Steven Levy, Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution (New York: Doubleday, 1984).

40. J. H. Saltzer, D. P. Reed, and D. D. Clark, «End-to-End Arguments in System Design», ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 2 (November 1984): 277-288.

41. Howard Rheingold, Tools for Thought (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000).

42. Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late-The Origins of the Internet (New York: Touchstone, 1998).

43. Levy, Hackers.

44. Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late.

45. J. С R. Licklider and R. W. Taylor, «The Computer as a Communication Device», Science and Technology (April 1968): 21-31.

46. William Henry Gates III, «An Open Letter to Hobbyists», Altair Users' Newsletter, 3 February 1976.

47. Dennis M. Ritchie, «The Evolution of the Unix Time-Sharing System», AT amp;T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal 63 (October 1984)-1577-1593.

48. Nick Moffit, «Nick Moffit's $7 History of Unix», «

» (29 January 2002).

49. Ritchie, «The Evolution of the Unix Time-Sharing System».

50. Moffit, «Nick Moffit's $7 History of Unix».

51. Richard Stallman, «The Free Software Definition». The GNU Project, Free Software Foundation, 2000, «

» (17 June 2001) [на рус. яз.: Ричард Столлмен. GNU GPL и американский образ жизни / Компьютерра. 2001. № 10 (387). 14 марта].

52. Ibid. See also: Michael Stutz, «Freed Software Winning Support, Making Waves», Wired News, 30 January 1998, «

» (5 February 2002).

53. Eric Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar. Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly and Associates, 1997). See also: «

» (29 January 2002).

54. BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain), «

» (16 January 2002).

55. Network Working Group, ed. B. Carpenter, «Architectural Principles of the Internet», June 1996, «

» (26 November 2001).