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Физическая нагрузка требует существенного напряжения и тесного взаимодействия основных физиологических механизмов, которые делают способными сердечно-сосудистую и респираторную системы поддерживать возрастающие метаболические потребности организма. Обе системы в этом случае находятся в состоянии стресса, и способность адекватно реагировать на этот стресс является показателем их физиологического здоровья и функциональной полноценности. Хорошо известно, что и вентиляция и сердечный выброс повышаются по мере возрастания скорости метаболизма. Адекватная оценка функционального состояния системы транспорта газов, необходимых для поддержания тканевого (клеточного) дыхания очень важна, так как при многих патологических состояниях функционирование этой системы нарушается.