Чтение онлайн

In third, on it(him) the function of repair of the ships before long expedition(dispatch) laid.

In fourth, it(he) should buy all necessary accessories(belongings), devices.

' After long searches at last have found suitable of court: 16 gun ' Леандр ' in 450 tons and 14 gun ' Thames ' in 370 tons by displacement. Under the documents of court three years ago were constructed, but required(demanded) repair. While court repaired under supervision Разумовского, Лисянский selected and bought chronometers, секстаны, barometers and other tools ' [Фирсов And. И.].

In fifth, it(he) was engaged in selection of the officers and sailors (mainly for acquisition of crew of the ship "'Neva". The staff for "'Hope" selected And. Ф. Крузенштерн).

As far as it is possible to understand, married shortly before a beginning of expedition(dispatch) And. Ф. Крузенштерн expected addition of family and during preparation of expedition(dispatch) was engaged mainly in family businesses.

' Лисянский simultaneously selects the sailors and унтер of the officers for вояжа. Крузенштерн far, and Лисянский holds it(him) in a rate of the businesses ' [Фирсов And. И.].

For the sake of justice we shall note, that all set of these functions assigned to one man (the expert, financier, корабел, снабженец, expert in personnel questions), testifies both to highest qualification of such man, and that Ю. Ф. Лисянский became on a set of the actually assigned functions соруководителем of expedition(dispatch).

Choice and purchase of the ships, their repair, purchase of tools, delivery of the acquired ships in Kronstadt - all these tasks Ю. Ф. Лисянский has decided(solved) practically independently, almost without participation And. Ф. Крузенштерна.

Major questions has decided(solved) Ю. Ф. Лисянский prior to the beginning navigation. It(he) not only has shown itself(himself) as qualified корабела, but also as the effective organizer (chief) of expedition(dispatch)! It is possible to assume, what not each captain (commander of the ship) had such qualities.

Let's note also that to it(him) the large money was entrusted. From the references is not felt, that concerning ability Ю. Ф. Лисянского to dispose of money at whom that of имперского of a management(manual) there were what that doubts. As if Ю. Ф. Лисянский bought already fifth ship, and all purchases were successful; actually, as it is possible to understand, the appropriate experience at him(it) was not. And for whom such experience was available?

In coast of Southern America was found out подгнивание of two masts on "'Neva". The masts were replaced. The history testifies, that repair did not manage any round-the-world navigation. (Moreover, Дж. Слокам, the first single round-the-world seafarer combined repair with modernization of the yacht).

As to possible(probable) unconscientiousness of the sellers (or простоватости of the buyers),, how it is visible from the description of a situation, the lack of masts has come to light after in Brasil ' have removed(taken off) фор стеньгу and эзельгофт '. As far as the dismantle of the ship was usual at his(its) purchase (in England)? For whose account and whose forces such dismantle in England would be carried out(spend)? And up to what "'depth" it be necessary such dismantle to carry out? And in general,maybe, it was better to build the new ships? Only such construction how many would cost? And what time she(it) has required? And whether the navigation as early as years through 50 was held? From the description of expedition(dispatch) it is visible, that for the period of parking and repair the personal structure of expeditions(dispatches) hospitably met by the Portuguese authorities, has managed to have a rest, to be typed(collected) of forces. (' the hospitable reception was rendered to Expedition(dispatch). ... the lieutenant Colonel of the Portuguese service дон Иозеф де Курада, потомок of the famous seafarer Васко де of Din, was extremely hospitable ' [Нозиков Н. Н.]).

By what image Ю. Ф. Лисянский has got the experience which has allowed it(him) to execute preparation expedition(dispatch): to buy and to repair the ships?

' There has come(stepped) spring, and Лисянский has set off on north. It(he) has visited in Нью Йорке, Нью Port. It(he) was interested by(with) shipyards, docks, statement of shipbuilding business ' [Фирсов And. И.].

Similarly it(he) behaved and in other countries. An example: ' On advice of the ambassadorial officials Лисянский and Баскаков at first наведались in Greenwich, but then have got over in the London suburb Комбервелл. (...) the First trip have made in Вулвич, have examined thoroughly famous shipyards, workshops, storehouses ' [Фирсов And. И.].

Let's note, that on the first round-the-world expedition(dispatch) 1803-1806 years the process of organization distant sea плаваний has not stopped; have followed new, And. Ф. Крузенштерн accepted in initiation and preparation of a number(line) of such expeditions(dispatches) most active participation.

It is possible to assume, that on the moment of a beginning of preparation of expedition(dispatch) Ю. Ф. Лисянский was most prepared for round-the-world travels from among the Russian citizens: as корабел, as the organizer of expedition(dispatch), as the battle(dashing) seaman, as the navigator, as the man having knowledge, concerning to round-the-world плаваниям, as the man owning the English language and able to orient not only in the British society(community), but also in local environment(Wednesday) of Russian embassy in London.

Let's note, that as the navigator and as the commander of the ship And. Ф. Крузенштерн had also excellent(different) experience. To compare battle(dashing) preparation Крузенштерна and Лисянского it is inconvenient; anyway, in Russian America Ю. Ф. Лисянскому, but not And. Ф. Крузенштерну, it was necessary to apply battle(dashing) skills.

It is possible is proved to assume, that on the moment of a beginning of preparation (began preparations of expedition(dispatch), instead of beginning of the navigation) only Ю. Ф. Лисянский was capable to decide(solve) the put and arising tasks.

Some judgements we shall state and concerning the period direct плаваний.

In what the functions And consist. Ф. Крузенштерна as chief of expedition(dispatch) - clearly from information sources it is not clear. The joint navigation of the sailing ships not always was convenient: it required(demanded) significant time for coordination.

And "'Victoria" under a management(manual) Хуана Себастьяна дель Кано, and ' Gold лань ' Фрэнсиса Дрейка финишировали in loneliness.

The format partly of joint navigation, certainly, rendered some psychologically stabilizing influence on the captains Крузенштерна and Лисянского.

The author has no an opportunity to familiarize with the text of the instruction, определявшей of power And. Ф. Крузенштерна, but from information sources follows, that on the fact it(he) carried out fragmentary coordinating functions.

Most interesting consists that from the formal party, And. Ф. Крузенштерн - like - was not the chief of expedition(dispatch).

' On July 10, 1803 Н. Item. Резанов was nominated by the Russian ambassador in Japan. The instructions authorized Александром I. (...) In general since were given to it(him) was found out, that Резанов will participate personally in expeditions(dispatches) both the seaman have appeared as though in a shadow ' [Штейнберг Е. Л.].

' The First skirmish has taken place in Copenhagen, where Резанов has refused to take in the retinue Лангсдорфа. But obstinate Крузенштерн categorically insisted, and, not wishing to aggravate the attitudes(relation), the envoy has conceded ' [Фирсов And. И.].

' ... After some weeks after departure from Kronstadt Резанов have declared the rights on a management(manual) of the First Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch). Thus it(he) has showed(presented) Крузенштерну the instruction authorized Александром I. In it(her) the following was spoken: ' Сии both vessels with the officers and служителями, in a service of the company taking place, it are charged to the heads to yours '. However this instruction was latent from Крузенштерна. For the first time it(he) has seen her(it) on Тенерифе, when the ships were far from coast of Russia.