Практическая грамматика английского языка
Шрифт:
ним писателем. Писатель, который был высокообразованным человеком и много путешествовал по Советскому Союзу, часто рассказывал нам о жизни советских людей в различных частях нашей страны.
К §§ 21—28
Вместо точек вставьте, где требуется, артикли или местоимения some и any:
1. ... coal is one of ... most important natural resources of our country. 2. ... most common kind of ... fuel used by man is ... wood. 3. Put ... wood on ... fire. 4. ... silver is not so heavy as ... gold. 5. ... iron is ... metal. 6.... iron ore found in that mine is of high quality. 7. Please cut... grass in the garden. 8. Pour ... milk into the cup, please. 9. ... "milk which you bought in the morning has turned sour. 10. We make ... butter and ... cheese from ... milk. 11. ... tea is very hot, I must put ... milk in it. 12. Buy ... tobacco, please. 13. Pass me ... sugar, please, 14. ... windows let in ... light and ... air. 15. ... garden is surrounded by ... wall built of ... stone. 16. In ... desert it is difficult to find ... water. 17. ... water which we drink in our towns is filtered at waterworks. 18. This district is very rich in ... coal. 19. Is your shirt made of ... silk or ... cotton? 20. This is ... bronze, not ... copper. 21. I don’t want ... milk, give me ... tea, please. 22. I always drink ... boiled water. 23. Bring me ... hot «rater, please. 24. Have you bought ... butter?
Переведите на английский язык:
1. Я попросил его купить бумаги и чернил. 2. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, молока. 3. Вскипятите молоко, пожалуйста. 4. Молоко необходимо детям. 5. Положите масла в суп. 6. Поставьте масло на стол. 7. Я не пью молока, я пыо чай или кофе. 8. Он привез мне табаку с Кавказа. Табак очень хороший, но я не люблю крепкий табак. 9. Я купил вчера очень хорошего чаю и кофе. Я пошлю кофе матери. Она очень любит хороший кофе. 10. Где масло? — Оно на столе. 11. Есть ли нефть в этом районе? 12. В этом районе добывается уголь и нефть. 13. Сахар, который вырабатывается из свекловицы, лучше сахара, который вырабатывается из тростника. 14. Куда вы положили сахар, который я вчера купил? 15. Вода в этом пруду очень чистая. 16. Чернила в моей чернильнице очень плохие. 17. Бензин, который используется в авиации, должен быть очень высокого качества.
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К §§ 29—33
Вместо точек вставьте, где требуется, артикли:
1. ... chief aim of ... Soviet philharmonic societies is to develop ... love for ... good music among ... Soviet people. 2. ... thermometer is ... instrument for measuring ... temperature. 3. ... temperature to-day is not so high as it w'as yesterday. 4. ... observation and ... experience are two great teachers. 5. ... air is necessary for ... life. 6. Comrade A. made ... excellent speech at ... meeting last night. 7. ... length, ... breadth and ... height of ... cube are equal. 8. He deserves ... punishment. 9. Can you find ... time for this work? 10. I have noticed .. . great change in him lately. 11. I have ... great deal of ... confidence in that man. 12. Every machine requires some sort of ... power to operate it. 13. ... history is his subject, especially ... history of ... Middle Ages. 14. ... poetry of Lermontov, is beautiful. 15. There was ... expression in his eyes that I could not understand. 16. ... great Russian critic Belinsky said that ... poetry should be ... expression of ... life. 17. He finished his work without ... difficulty.18. ... task presented ... difficulty, which we could not overcome at first. 19. He was not discouraged by ... difficulty of ... task.
21* (27
Обзорные упражнения к §§ 13—40
Вместо точек вставьте, где требуется артикли или местоимения some и any:
А. 1. Lomonosov, ... great Russian scientist, was born in ... small village, on ... shore of ... White Sea. 2. Chkalov was ... first man to fly over ... North Pole. 3. ... great Russian writer Gogol was born in ... Ukraine in 1809. 4. Leningrad is situated on ... Neva. 5. ... Elbrus is ... highest peak of ... Caucasian Mountains. 6. ... Crimea is surrounded by ... Black Sea. 7. ... Caucasus separates ... Black Sea from ... Caspian Sea. 8. ... rice and ... cotton grow in ... Ukraine now. 9. ... people who live in ... Holland speak ... Dutch. 10. ... Europe and ... America are separated by ... Atlantic Ocean. 11. ... Morocco is in ... North Africa. 12. They were born on-... same day and in ... same town. 13. I want to write ... letter to my sister. Have you ... fountain pen? 14. ... last page of ... book is torn. 15. They met at ... gate of ... school. 16. I am leaving for Leningrad ... next week. 17. He read ... letter ... second time. 18. – My room is 'on ... second floor. 19. What ... silly mistakes I have made! 20. ... large steel bridge joins ... two banks of ... river. 21. In our part of ... country ... November is ... stormy month. 22. What ... cold weather we are having! 23. All books must be returned to ... library before ... next Monday. 24. ... next train leaves at 8.20. 25. What ... beautiful music they are playing! 26. What ... strange ideal 27. My daughter will go to ... school ... next year. 28. There is .., large school in ... village. 29. They reached ... Pacific Ocean by means of ... Panama Canal. 30. Has Helen returned ... book she borrowed ... last month? 31. I called on ... Stepanovs yesterday, but did not find them at home as they had already left for ... Crimea. 32. He lives in ... country in ... summer. 33. 1 spent ... summer of 1956 in ... Sochi. 34. I like ... autumn in Moscow. 35. He said that he would call on us ... following Sunday. 36. ... West Indies are in ... Atlantic between ... North America and ... South America. 37. ... last evening ... sunset was beautiful. 38. ... view from ... top of ... mountain is excellent. 39. We saw ... ship sailing near ... coast. 40. Both ... copper and ... lead .are found in this mine. 41. In ... department store you can buy ... food, ... shoes, ... clothing, and ... other goods.
Б. 1. ... Soviet Union is ... socialist state of ... workers and ... peasants. 2. ... highest organ of ... state power in ... U.S.S.R. is ... Supreme Soviet of ... U.S.S.R. 3. Moscow is ... centre of ... political and economic life of ... Soviet Union, ... centre of ... Soviet science and ... culture. 4. Every year with ... approach of ... summer holiday season, ... millions of ... Soviet people are busy planning ... holiday trips to ... south and ... seaside. 5. ... important branch of ... Estonian economy is ... agriculture and livestock breeding. 6. One of ... principal uses of ... aluminium is in ... electrical industry. 7. In ... summer of 1945 ... expedition organized by ... Arctic Institute of ... U.S.S.R. explored ... coast of ... Chukotsk Peninsula. ... material collected by ... scientists throws ... additional light on ... prehistoric past of ... Arctic areas of ... Soviet East. 8. ... Charter Party is ... agreement for ... use of ... ship. 9. ... Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission in Moscow settles ... disputes between ... Soviet organizations and ... foreign firms. 10. Since ... goods had been examined at ... port of loading, we objected to .., second examination of ... goods at ... port of discharge. 11. According to ... terms of ... contract, ... buyers are to open ... letter of credit with ... State Bank of ... U.S.S.R. for ... full value of ... goods. 12. According to ... laws of ... U.S.S.R., ... financial obligations issued in Moscow by ... Soviet export or import organizations must be signed by ... two persons: ... chairman of ... organization issuing such ... obligation and by ... chief accountant. 13. W’hen ... goods are loaded on ... ship, ... captain signs ... bill of lading which is ... receipt for ... goods received on board. 14. ... names of ,.. persons who have ... right to sign ... contracts and ... agreements on behalf of ... Soviet export and import organizations are published in ... official publication of ... Ministry of... Foreign Trade of... U.S.S.R.— “Vneshnyaya Tor- govlya”.
В. THE DEVOTED FRIEND
(After Oscar Wilde)
... Hans had ... great many friends, but ... most devoted friend of all was ... big Hugh, ... miller. Indeed, so devoted was ... rich miller to ... little Hans that he never went by his garden without leaning over ... wall and plucking ... large nosegay, or filling his pockets with ... plums and ... cherries if it was ... fruit season.
"... real friends should have everything in common,’ ... miller used to say. ... neighbours, indeed, thought it strange that ... rich miller never gave ... little Hans anything in return, though he had ... hundred sacks of ... flour stored away in ... mill, and six cows, and ... large flock of ... sheep.
In ... spring, ... summer and ... autumn Hans wras very happy, but when ... winter came, he suffered ... good deal from ... cold and ... hunger and often had to go to ... bed without ... supper. “There is no good in my going to see ... little Hans now',’ ... miller used to say to his wife, “for when ... people are in ... trouble they should not be bothered by ... visitors. I shall pay him ... visit in spring, and he will be able to give me ... large basket of flowers, and that will make him so happy.’
“You are very thoughtful about ... others,” answered his wife. “It is ... pleasure to hear you talk about ... friendship. I am sure ... clergyman himself could not say such beautiful things, though he does live in ... three-storied house and wears ... gold ring on his little finger.’
“But could we not ask little Hans up here?” said ... miller’s youngest son.
“What ... silly boy you arc!” cried ... miller. “I really don’t know what is ... use of sending you to ... school. You do not seem to learn anything. Why, if ... little Hans came here, he might get envious, and ... envy is ... most terrible thing. Besides, if he came here, he might ask me to let him have some flour on ... credit, and that I could not do. ... flour is one thing, and .. friendship is another. ... words are spelt differently and mean quite different things.”
“How well you talk,’ said ... miller’s wife, pouring herself out ... large glass of ... warm ale. “It is just like being in ... church."
Г. SHIPMENT OF A CARGO OF WHEAT ABROAD
On ... 12th of ... August, 1953, ... Soviet foreign trade organization concluded ... contract with ... foreign firm for ... sale of ... cargo of 6,000 tons of ... wheat. ... wheat was to be shipped in ... September. ... sellers chartered ... s. s. “Martha” for ... transportation of ... wheat. About ten days before ... expected arrival of ... vessel at ... port of loading, ... shipowners informed ... sellers that ... s. s. “Martha" had been in collision -with another boat during ... dense fog in ... Mediterranean Sea and would not be able to arrive at ... port of loading before ... end of ... September. ... sellers had at their disposal ... larger vessel of 6,500 tons. Therefore they sent ... telegram to ... buyers asking them to accept 6,500 tons of ... wheat instead of 6,000 tons. ... buyers agreed, but requested ... sellers to ship ... wheat in ... first half of ... October. ... sellers consented to postpone ... shipment of .., cargo in accordance with ... desire of... buyers, and ... cargo was shipped on ... 10th of October.
ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ (стр. 63—75)
К §§ 2-10
Образуйте от следующих прилагательных сравнительную и превосходную степень:
big, heavy, short, dirty, clean, near, bad, famous, little, much, clever, good, expensive, cheap, important, pale, hot, beautiful, large, practical, fat, early, pretty, happy, bright, dark, dry, flat, fresh, full, quick, late, nice, rich, sad, thin, thick, wet, weak, early, funny, easy, lazy, ugly, comfortable, quiet, far.
Образуйте от прилагательных, стоящих в скобках, сравнительную или превосходную степень, в зависимости от смысла:
1. The Trans-Siberian railway is (long) in the world. 2. The twenty-second of December is the (short) day in the year. 3. Iron is (useful) of all metals. 4. The Neva is (wide) and (deep) than the Moskva River. 5. Elbrus is the (high) peak in the Caucasian mountains. 6. His plan is (practical) than yours. 7. His plan is (practical) of all. 8. This room is (small) than all the rooms in the house. 9. London is the (large) city in England. 10. Silver is (heavy) than copper. 11. This wall is (low) than that one. 12. This exercise is (good) than the last one. 13. My cigarettes are (bad) than yours. 14. Yesterday was the (hot) day we have had this summer.