Чтение онлайн

The first English ambassador to Russia, Jenkinson made a remarkable

journey as far as Bokhara in Asiatic Russia and subsequently compiled a

famous map of his travels. Unfortunately, no actual copy of the map has sur-

vived but it was used by Ortelius in 1570 and Gerard de Jode in 1578 as the

basis for maps in their atlases.

ISAAC MASSA (1587-1635)

A Dutch traveller, Massa compiled a map of Russia (c. 1612) which was

used in the Blaeu/Jansson atlases.

CORNELIS CRUYS (1657-1727)

A Dutch Admiral, in the service of Peter the Great, compiled and pub-

lished an atlas of the River Don and the Sea of Asov (c. 1704).

The first map of any real importance known to have been produced in

Russia was the manuscript 'Great Map' compiled in the time of Tsar Boris

Godunov (1598-1605), followed by later versions covering the expansion of

the Empire southwards and eastwards. In the second half of the seventeenth

century a start was made on the mapping of Siberia (1667) by Peter Godunov

(fl. 1667-69) and an atlas of Siberia was published (c. 1698-1701) by Semyon

Ulanovitch Remezov (1642-1720). Evidently the printing of maps in Russia

presented difficulties which Peter the Great (1689-1725) attempted to over-

come by licensing a Dutch publisher in Amsterdam specifically to print Rus-

sian maps. This was about 1699 but soon afterwards a private printing house

was established in Moscow by the cartographer, Vasily Kiprianov (fl. 1706-

17) who published maps of Russia and the World.

Plate: R.and J. OTTENS / JOH. CASPAR SCHEUCHZER Het Konink-

ryk Japan Amsterdam (1728) c. 1740. Based on a work by the Swiss scholar

Scheuchzer, this map is one of the few to use Japanese names as well as their

westernized forms.

During this same period, Peter the Great ordered a comprehensive survey

of his country and the training of a corps of professional surveyors. In charge

of this immense undertaking was an employee of the State Chancellry, Ivan

Kyrilov (1689-1737). He planned a 3 volume atlas of Imperial Russia to con-

sist of something like 300 to 400 maps, but it soon became evident that advice

and assistance by foreign cartographers was required if the project was to be

completed in a reasonable time. In consequence, following a visit to France by

the Tsar and the subsequent founding of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in

1724, the French cartographers Joseph Nicolas and Louis Delisle (brothers of

Guillaume Delisle) were invited to St Petersburg to set up a School of As-

tronomy and to train teams of surveyors. Unfortunately, Kyrilov and the De-

lisles totally disagreed on the methods of surveying needed to map the country

and, in the event, Kyrilov pursued his own course and, in 1734, published the

first part of his planned atlas consisting of a general map of Russia and 14

regional maps. Meanwhile, the Delisles travelled throughout Russia and Sibe-

ria gathering geographical data, compiling maps with the assistance of Swiss

mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707-83) and the Danish explorer Vitus Joh.

Bering (1680-1741) who traversed Siberia on at least two occasions and ex-

plored the Northern Pacific. No doubt the Delisles also used much of Kyri-

lov's material for, after Kyrilov's death in 1737, his atlas was suppressed, pos-

sibly because of inaccuracies but more likely as a result of jealousies and in-

trigue; only two copies of the atlas are known to exist. Eventually, in 1745,

following further disagreements between Joseph Nicolas Delisle (who felt the

work was still incomplete) and the Academy of Sciences the Atlas Russicus

was published containing a general map and 19 regional maps. Thereafter,

further work and revision of the atlas was in the hands of Michael Lomonosov

(1711-65), director of the Geographical Department of the Academy. In due

course, as in so many countries, official mapping was taken over by the mili-

tary and, in 1816, a new survey by triangulation was undertaken, which even-

tually included Poland, most of which country was then occupied by Russia.

Адреса сайтов в Интернет, где приведены

древние карты России и Тартарии

1. Complete online catalogue of Antique Maps, Views and Atlases. Rus-

sia, Tartary, Indo China

http://www.heritageantiquemaps.com/Asia/russia.htm

2. Kauai Fine Art - Antique Maps and Prints

http://www.brunias.com/

3. Corea,Japan,Kamtchatka,China,Tartary & Hong Kong

http://www.brunias.com/china.html

4. The Lada-Mocarski Collection

http://www.library.yale.edu/MapColl/ladmoc.htm

5. Antique Maps of Asia

http://www.oldmaps.com/CurrentAuction/OW-Asia.htm

6. Russia maps

http://www.bell.lib.umn.edu/mps.html

7. Maps Online

http://www.library.yale.edu/MapColl/online.html

8. Maps of Russia

http://www.raremaps.com/cgi-bin/map-builder.cgi?Asia+Russia

ЗАДАЧИ

1. Найдите русские карты, сделанные в XV, XVI и XVII веках.

2. Почему в Западной Европе земли казаков включали в Татарию?

3. Что это за «Rossia in Asia» на карте F.Mauro (Manuscript planisphere of 1460)?

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