От колонии до сверхдержавы. Внешние отношения США с 1776 года
Шрифт:
44
Van Alstyne, Empire and Independence, 163.
45
Murphy, «View from Versailles», 133.
46
William C. Stinchcombe, «Americans Celebrate the Birth of the Dauphin», in Hoffman and Albert, Diplomacy and Revolution, 44–47.
47
Wood, Franklin, 191.
48
Alexander DeConde, «The French Alliance in Historical Speculation», in Hoffman and Albert, Diplomacy and Revolution, 18.
49
Там же, 17–18; Dull, Diplomatic History, 163.
50
Murphy, «View from Versailles», 144; Dull, Diplomatic History, 107.
51
James M. Merrell, «Declarations of Independence: Indian-White Relations in the New Nation», in Jack P. Greene, ed., The American Revolution: Its Character and Limits (New York, 1987), 198–99.
52
Там же, 198.
53
Barbara Graymont, The Iroquois in the American Revolution (Syracuse, N.Y., 1972), 220.
54
Theda Perdue, The Cherokee (New York, 1989), 35–36; Allen R. Millett and Peter Maslowski, For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States of America (New York, 1984), 74.
55
Rakove, Beginnings, 179.
56
Там же, 190.
57
Dull, Diplomatic History, 120.
58
Gregg L. Lint, «Preparing for Peace: The Objectives of the United States, France, and Spain in the War of the American Revolution», in Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds., Peacemakers: The Treaty of 1783 (Charlottesville, Va., 1986), 32–33.
59
Там же, 33–35.
60
Richard B. Morris, The Forging of the Union, 1781–1789 (New York, 1987), 140.
61
Edmund S. Morgan, Benjamin Franklin (New Haven, Conn., 2002), 275–76.
62
Bradford Perkins, «The Peace of Paris: Patterns and Legacies», in Hoffman and Albert, Peacemakers, 196.
63
Lint, «Preparing for Peace», 49–50.
64
Esmond Wright, «The British Objectives, 1780–1783:’If Not Dominion Then Trade’», in Hoffman and Albert, Peacemakers, 8–10.
65
Shelburne to Oswald, July 27, 1782, in Mary A. Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation: U.S. Foreign Relations, 1775–1782 (Wilmington, Del., 1998), 91.
66
Perkins, «Peace of Paris», 198; Wright, «British Objectives», 10–15; Charles R. Ritche-son, Aftermath of Revolution: British Policy Toward the United States (New York, 1969), 74, 79, 82.
67
Van Alstyne, Empire and Independence, 215; Jonathan R. Dull, «Vergennes, Rayneval, and the Diplomacy of Trust», in Hoffman and Albert, Peacemakers, 105.
68
Dull, Diplomatic History, 146.
69
Morgan, Franklin, 287–88.
70
Wood, Franklin, 195.
71
James H. Hutson, «The American Negotiators: The Diplomacy of Jealousy», in Hoffman and Albert, Peacemakers, 54.
72
Там же, 61–62.
73
Dull, Diplomatic History, 149.
74
Hutson, «American Negotiators», 53.
75
Samuel Flagg Bemis, The Diplomacy of the American Revolution (Bloomington, Ind., 1957), 255–56, and Richard B. Morris, The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence (New York, 1965), 459, praise Adams and Jay. Perkins, «Peace of Paris», 201, and Dull, Diplomatic History, 146–51, are more critical.
76
Perkins, «Peace of Paris», 220–21; Dull, Diplomatic History, 149–51.
77
Perkins, «Peace of Paris», 215.
78
Morgan, Franklin, 289.
79
Franklin to Vergennes, December 17, 1782, in Giunta, Documents, 124–25.
80
Merrell, «Declarations», 197.
81
Dull, Diplomatic History, 161.
82
Rakove, Beginnings, 342.
83
Peter S. Onuf, «Anarchy and the Crisis of the Union», in Herman Belz, Ronald Hoffman, and Peter J. Albert, eds., To Form a More Perfect Union (Charlottesville, Va., 1992), 280.