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ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Патология грудной стенки включает врожденные и приобретенные состояния, заболевания и повреждения ребер, грудины, позвоночника, дыхательных мышц, приводящие к снижению эффективности дыхания и одышке. Наиболее часто грубые нарушения вентиляции легких наблюдаются при кифосколиозе и после перенесенной ранее торакопластики. Флотирующие переломы ребер, особенно в сочетании с ушибом легкого, также нередко могут стать причиной серьезных дыхательных расстройств. Воронкообразная грудь ( pectus excavatum) или килевидная ее деформация ( pectus carinatum) в меньшей степени ухудшают дыхательную функцию. Аномальное расположение костномышечных структур в шейно-грудной зоне является причиной синдрома верхней апертуры ( thoracic outlet syndrome). Отдельную группу заболеваний составляют опухолевые поражения грудной стенки.